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| 탄수화물의 종류 |
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우리나라 사람들은 대부분, 1일 소모하는 에너지의 50-80%룰 탄수화물 음식으로부터 섭취하게 됩니다, 이러한 탄수화물은 크게 두 가지, 단순 탄수화물(단당류, 이당류)과 복합탄수화물(다당류)로 분류할 수 있습니다.
a. 단당류
단당류에는 포도당, 과당, 갈락토오스가 있습니다. 포도당은 앞서 언급한 대로 대뇌의 에너지원으로 단맛은 거의 없으나 매우 흡수가 빨라 저혈당성 혼수상태에 있는 사람에게는 몇 방울의 포도당용액을 입안에 떨어뜨려도 이로부터 회복될 정도입니다. 과당은 꿀, 시럽, 과일 속에 들어있어 단맛을 내며, 갈락토오즈는 포도당 1분자와 결합하여 유당을 형성하게 됩니다.
b. 이당류
단맛을 내는 이당류란 포도당 1분자와 다른 단당류가 결합한 것으로 유당, 서당, 맥아당이 있습니다. 유당은 우유 속에 든 단순 탄수화물을 말하며, 포도당과 과당이 결합된 서당은 설탕을 말합니다.
c. 다당류
복합탄수화물 즉, 다당류란 많은 포도당 분자가 결합된 것으로 전분, 글리코겐, 셀룰로오즈가 이에 속합니다. 전분은 우리의 주식인 쌀을 비롯한 밀, 보리 등의 곡류와 콩류에 많이 들어 있습니다. 글리코겐은 식물에서 발견되지 않고 동물의 고기에 포함되어 있습니다. 셀룰로오즈는 전분처럼 수많은 포도당이 연결되어 있으나 우리 체내에서는 이러한 연결을 분해할 만한 효소가 없습니다. 따라서 전분은 인체 내에서 소화되어 에너지원으로서 중요한 역할을 하나 셀룰로오즈는 소화되지 않고 거의 변화되지 않는 상태로 소화기관을 지나갑니다
섬유소는 수분을 소화관 안에 남아 있게 하여 대변을 부드럽게 하고 변비를 예방합니다. 소화되지 않고 남아 대변의 양을 증가시킴으로써 소화관 근육의 활발한 운동을 초래하여 근육을 강화시키는 역할을 합니다. 또한 배설물이 장을 통과시키는 시간을 단축시켜 장과의 접촉시간을 줄이므로 해로운 물질에 노출되는 시간을 줄이고 콜레스테롤과 결합하여 대변으로의 배설을 촉진합니다.
그렇지만 모든 섬유소가 똑같은 효과를 갖는 것은 아닙니다. 밀 속의 섬유소는 주로 셀룰로오즈로 이루어져 있는데 콜레스테롤을 떨어뜨리는 효과가 거의 없는 반면 대변을 부드럽게 하는 효과가 있고 사과 속의 섬유질은 펙틴으로 콜레스테롤을 낮추는 효과가 있습니다.
|
우리나라 사람들은 대부분, 1일 소모하는 에너지의 50-80%룰 탄수화물 음식으로부터 섭취하게 됩니다, 이러한 탄수화물은 크게 두 가지, 단순 탄수화물(단당류, 이당류)과 복합탄수화물(다당류)로 분류할 수 있습니다.
a. 단당류
단당류에는 포도당, 과당, 갈락토오스가 있습니다. 포도당은 앞서 언급한 대로 대뇌의 에너지원으로 단맛은 거의 없으나 매우 흡수가 빨라 저혈당성 혼수상태에 있는 사람에게는 몇 방울의 포도당용액을 입안에 떨어뜨려도 이로부터 회복될 정도입니다. 과당은 꿀, 시럽, 과일 속에 들어있어 단맛을 내며, 갈락토오즈는 포도당 1분자와 결합하여 유당을 형성하게 됩니다.
b. 이당류
단맛을 내는 이당류란 포도당 1분자와 다른 단당류가 결합한 것으로 유당, 서당, 맥아당이 있습니다. 유당은 우유 속에 든 단순 탄수화물을 말하며, 포도당과 과당이 결합된 서당은 설탕을 말합니다.
c. 다당류
복합탄수화물 즉, 다당류란 많은 포도당 분자가 결합된 것으로 전분, 글리코겐, 셀룰로오즈가 이에 속합니다. 전분은 우리의 주식인 쌀을 비롯한 밀, 보리 등의 곡류와 콩류에 많이 들어 있습니다. 글리코겐은 식물에서 발견되지 않고 동물의 고기에 포함되어 있습니다. 셀룰로오즈는 전분처럼 수많은 포도당이 연결되어 있으나 우리 체내에서는 이러한 연결을 분해할 만한 효소가 없습니다. 따라서 전분은 인체 내에서 소화되어 에너지원으로서 중요한 역할을 하나 셀룰로오즈는 소화되지 않고 거의 변화되지 않는 상태로 소화기관을 지나갑니다
섬유소는 수분을 소화관 안에 남아 있게 하여 대변을 부드럽게 하고 변비를 예방합니다. 소화되지 않고 남아 대변의 양을 증가시킴으로써 소화관 근육의 활발한 운동을 초래하여 근육을 강화시키는 역할을 합니다. 또한 배설물이 장을 통과시키는 시간을 단축시켜 장과의 접촉시간을 줄이므로 해로운 물질에 노출되는 시간을 줄이고 콜레스테롤과 결합하여 대변으로의 배설을 촉진합니다.
그렇지만 모든 섬유소가 똑같은 효과를 갖는 것은 아닙니다. 밀 속의 섬유소는 주로 셀룰로오즈로 이루어져 있는데 콜레스테롤을 떨어뜨리는 효과가 거의 없는 반면 대변을 부드럽게 하는 효과가 있고 사과 속의 섬유질은 펙틴으로 콜레스테롤을 낮추는 효과가 있습니다. | | |
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Featured Educational Reference
Anti-Aging Therapeutics, Vol. 11 Proceedings of the Sixteenth World Congress on Anti-Aging Medicine and Regenerative Biomedical Technologies; Spring, Summer and Winter Sessions.
Includes Anti-Aging Clinical Protocols 2009-2010.
 
  The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) is proud to launch Longevity Magazine™. A unique feature of The World Health Network, www.worldhealth.net, the A4M’s educational website, Longevity Magazine™ e-Journal is an electronic publication that provides timely and informative news relating to wellness, prevention, and biotech advancements in longevity. Our mascot is the Galapagos tortoise (Geochelone nigra). A gentle giant that measures six feet head-to-toe and subsists on plants, the Galapagos tortoise boasts the longest animal lifespan, averaging at 150 years and a maximum lifespan of 300 years.   American Academy of
Anti-Aging Medicine 1510 West Montana St. Chicago IL 60614 1-888-997-0112 1-561-997-0112 | |
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Health Headlines
 Dark Chocolate Compound May Protect Brain From
Stroke Damage Short Duration Sleep Linked to Increased Risk of
Premature Death Endometrial Stem Cells Repair Parkinson’s Brain Damage Triglycerides Increase Risk of Heart Disease Genetic Predisposition to Type 2 Diabetes Promotes
Weight Gain Physical Activity in Adolescence Blunts 'Fat' Gene This Week’s Featured Video:
Concussions & Sports with Dr. Joseph C. Maroon, MD A4M ANNOUNCEMENTS:
Second Opinion with Dr. Ron Klatz WORLDHEALTH.NET ANNOUNCEMENTS:
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Functional Foods
Dark Chocolate Compound May Protect Brain From Stroke Damage A compound found in dark chocolate has been found to protect the brain from ischemic damage by increasing cellular signals that are known to protect neurons from damage. Sylvain Doré, Ph.D., and colleagues at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine induced an ischemic stroke in two groups of mice, one group of which had been fed a single dose of the flavanol epicatechin.
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Sleep
Short Duration Sleep Linked to Increased Risk of Premature Death A review of 16 prospective studies involving more than 1.3 million participants has revealed that sleeping for less than 6 hours each night significantly increases the risk of premature death. Professor Francesco Cappuccio, leader of the Sleep, Health, and Society Programme at the University of Warwick (UK) and colleagues found that people who sleep for less than six hours each night were 12% more likely to die prematurely than those who get the recommended 6-8 hours.
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Neurology
Endometrial Stem Cells Repair Parkinson’s Brain Damage Preliminary study results offer hope of a new treatment for women with Parkinson's disease. Professor Hugh S Taylor of Yale School of Medicine and colleagues colleted and cultured endometrial stem cells obtained from 9 women.
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Cardio-Vascular
Triglycerides Increase Risk of Heart Disease Results of a review of data from 101 studies involving more than 350,000 people have linked triglycerides, a type of fat found in the blood, to coronary heart disease. Dr Nadeem Sarwar and colleagues at Cambridge University (UK) based their study on the ?1131T>C (rs662799) promoter polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene, a genetic variant that is known to increase triglyceride levels.
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Weight and Obesity
Genetic Predisposition to Type 2 Diabetes Promotes Weight Gain Researchers at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Sydney, Australia, have found that healthy people who are genetically predisposed to develop type 2 diabetes are more likely to gain weight than their non-genetically-predisposed peers. Professor Lesley Campbell and colleagues recruited 17 healthy people with a family history of type 2 diabetes and 24 healthy people with no family history of the disease for their 28-day-long study.
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This Week's Featured Video
FREE Video Excerpt
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Concussions & Sports
with Dr. Joseph C. Maroon, MD With summer’s arrival, more of us will enjoy outdoor sporting activities. Dr. Robert Goldman, A4M Chairman, interviews Dr. Joseph C. Maroon, A4M's Senior Vice President, and Professor and Vice Chairman of Neurological Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Heindl Scholar in Neuroscience. Dr. Maroon explains his insightful research into concussions and appropriate preventative guidelines for sports activities, which led to his development of the "Impact" system, a neurocognitive computer-based assessment that has become the standard of care for many sports organizations, including the NHL and NFL. Dr Maroon also discusses research into nerve growth and stem cells and their relevance to spinal injuries in the field of sports.
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Genetics
Physical Activity in Adolescence Blunts 'Fat' Gene New research suggests that being physically active during adolescence can help to blunt the effect of a mutation in the 'fat gene' FTO, which predisposes a person to becoming overweight or obese. Research has shown that the rs9939609 mutation of the FTO, or fat mass, gene is associated with a higher rate of body mass, fat, and waist circumference.
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A4M ANNOUNCEMENTS:
Solutions to improve your life, and your lifespan too Dr. Ronald Klatz, A4M physician founder, interviews the world’s top anti-aging experts in health, longevity, brain fitness, aesthetic beauty, and more. Get the answers to look and feel twenty years younger today.
Tune in to ”Second Opinion with Dr. Ronald Klatz.“
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Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial
 Objectives To study the effects of metformin on the incidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency (<150 pmol/l), low concentrations of vitamin B-12 (150-220 pmol/l), and folate and homocysteine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving treatment with insulin.
Design Multicentre randomised placebo controlled trial.
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Safety and Efficacy of the Herbal Drug Hypericum Perforatum for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation
 ABSTRACT - INTRODUCTION: Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most prevalent forms of male sexual dysfunction. The benefits of Hypericum perforatum for treatment of PE are unknown, although it is hypothesized that its effect on depression and neurotransmitter activity may be beneficial. The authors assessed the efficacy and safety of H. perforatum for the treatment of PE.
METHODS: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design was used. Participants were 50 married men with PE. They were 18-50 years old and were evaluated between January 2007 and December 2008. Patients were randomly assigned to one of 2 equal groups. Group 1 received 3 daily tablets of hypericum extract (150 mg per tablet). Each tablet contained 160µg of hypericin. Group 2 received a placebo. All participants recorded intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire before and after treatment. Side effects were self-reported using a questionnaire. Results were compared using chi-square and paired t tests.
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The Chicago Blackhawks are the First Vitamin D Team in Modern Professional Sports History
 The Chicago Blackhawk team physicians began diagnosing and treating vitamin D deficiency in all Blackhawk players about 18 months ago. Apparently, most players are on 5,000 IU of vitamin D3 per day. To confirm this assertion, simply ask the Blackhawk organization. After many losing seasons, last year the Blackhawks came out of nowhere to get to the Western conference finals. This year the Blackhawks are playing even better.
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Maternal Vitamin A Supplementation and Lung Function in Offspring
 ABSTRACT: Background Vitamin A is important in regulating early lung development and alveolar formation. Maternal vitamin A status may be an important determinant of embryonic alveolar formation, and vitamin A deficiency in a mother during pregnancy could have lasting adverse effects on the lung health of her offspring. We tested this hypothesis by examining the long-term effects of supplementation with vitamin A or beta carotene in women before, during, and after pregnancy on the lung function of their offspring, in a population with chronic vitamin A deficiency.
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Docosahexaenoic acid induces proteasome-dependent degradation of estrogen receptor a and inhibits the downstream signaling target in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
 Abstract: About two thirds of breast cancers in women are hormone-dependent and require estrogen for growth, its effects being mainly mediated through estrogen receptor a (ERa). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) have opposite effects on carcinogenesis, with DHA suppressing and AA promoting tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism is not clear. Here, we examined whether the effect is mediated through changes in ERa distribution. MCF-7 cells, an ERa-positive human breast cancer cell line, was cultured in estrogen-free medium containing 0, 10 or 60 µM DHA or AA, then were stimulated with estradiol.
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